Fig. 2

a Annually averaged national fossil fuel emissions derived from an inventory and national terrestrial carbon fluxes derived from nine TRENDY multi-model means during 2000–2008 and 2008–2016 in South Korea and North Korea. Positive (negative) values denote CO₂ emissions (uptake) from land-surface to the atmosphere. Error bars denote one inter-model standard deviation range, and triangles indicate terrestrial CO₂ flux from CarbonTracker2017. b The same as (a) but for the primary energy supply of each energy source