Fig. 3

a Simulated annual trends of atmospheric CO2 from 2000 to 2016 (ALLtransient); (b, e) contributions of fossil-fuel CO2 (FFCO2) emissions [ALLtransient minus FF_SK(NK)2000]; and (c, f) terrestrial CO2 flux [ALLtransient minus BIO_SK(NK)2000] in South Korea (SK) and North Korea (NK). (d, g) Magnitude of contributions at the national scale and their relative contributions to national mean atmospheric CO2 trends